home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- MEDICINE, Page 62COVER STORIESHow Old Is Too Old?
-
-
-
- Jonie Mosby Mitchell is three months pregnant and thrilled
- about it. She and her husband adopted a baby girl three years
- ago, and they are eager to produce a sibling for her. Nothing
- unusual about that, except for the fact that Mitchell is 52. She
- went through menopause years ago.
-
- Mitchell's pregnancy represents one of the latest and most
- extraordinary achievements of infertility science. By treating
- his middle-aged patient with hormones, Dr. Mark Sauer, at the
- University of Southern California, was able to essentially
- reverse the effects of menopause. Using an egg from a young
- woman and artificial insemination with sperm from Mitchell's
- husband Donnie, Sauer was able to establish the pregnancy.
- Mitchell is not even Sauer's oldest patient. He is also helping
- a 55-year-old woman, who has a 30-year history of infertility
- and was too old for in vitro fertilization when it was
- introduced in 1978. "She had given up hope of ever having a
- child, and came to me hoping for a miracle," says the
- sympathetic doctor.
-
- Such miracles are now possible. Expensive, but possible.
- But is this an appropriate use of technology? When Sauer first
- used the technique, it was to help younger women who had gone
- through menopause prematurely. But after publishing his results
- last October, he was besieged by requests from middle-aged
- women hoping to turn back the clock. Should they be helped?
-
- Not everyone in the field is enthusiastic. Some
- professionals fear that these new techniques will only encourage
- women to delay pregnancy. "There is a time and place for
- everything," says Dr. Georgeanna Jones of the Jones Institute
- for Reproductive Medicine in Norfolk, Va. "Women should know
- that their eggs age. They need to plan for their families and
- careers so they can have children earlier." Most in vitro
- clinics are reluctant to accept patients over age 40. The reason
- is primarily practical: the success rate for such women is
- minimal, though donor eggs can certainly improve the odds.
- Natural childbearing is also rare in this age group. Only 1% of
- the 4 million U.S. babies born in 1988 had mothers between ages
- 40 and 45, and less than .04% were born to women over 45.
-
- From a medical standpoint, there are two problems with
- very late childbearing: health risks to the fetus and to the
- mother. After age 40, the risk of fetal abnormalities is
- substantial: the incidence of Down syndrome, for example, rises
- to 1 in 40 live births. (Using donated eggs from a young woman
- presumably reduces the risk.) The mother meanwhile faces
- increased risks of diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure and
- other complications of pregnancy -- all of which can harm the
- unborn child. These problems are usually manageable, however,
- if the woman's health is generally good.
-
- The ethical and social concerns are trickier. Jonie
- Mitchell will be 70 when her child graduates from high school.
- She is unlikely to live to see that child's children grow up.
- But such considerations have not deterred men from fathering
- children while in their 50s, 60s and even 70s. "If I can raise
- him or her until age 30, then he should be able to make it on
- his own," says Mitchell. She notes that her own mother had nine
- children and is still going strong at 86.
-
- Psychologists point out that older parents are more likely
- to be emotionally and financially stable, even if they lack the
- stamina to chase a toddler for hours on end. "From the kid's
- perspective one could argue that it would be nicer to have a
- mother who can run faster than the kid," says Dr. Ellen Wright
- Clayton, a pediatrician and law professor at Vanderbilt
- University. But, she says, "the child's other alternative is not
- to exist." Not many 50-year-olds want to be pregnant, and not
- many can afford the $10,000 or more it takes. Clearly, says
- Clayton, "if these women want to have babies this badly, then
- these babies are going to be loved."
-
- By Christine Gorman. Reported by Pat Cole/Los Angeles and
- Barbara Dolan/Chicago
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-